推理引申题主要考查考生分析、判断、推理的能力，是各类题型中较难的、考生错误率较高的一种。由于观点态度题、写作目的题、词义句意题都已经单独列出，因此本节介绍的是较为狭义的推理引申题。2000年至2026年的考研真题中，推理引申题约占总题量的21%。
①Which of the following is true of...according to the last paragraph?
(2016 Text 3 Q5)
②Which of the following can be inferred from/is suggested in...?
(2020 Text 3 Q5; 2017 Text 2 Q4; 2017 Text 3 Q2; 2016 Text 2 Q3; 2015 Text 4 Q5)
③...implies/suggests(seems to suggest) that____.
(2009 Text 1 Q5)
④What can be inferred about...from Paragraph...?
(2013 Text 4 Q3; 2007 Text 2 Q2)
⑤It can be inferred/learned from the paragraph...that____.
(2020 Text 2 Q4; 2020 Text 4 Q2; 2020 Text 4 Q4; 2019 Text 4 Q2; 2017 Text 3 Q2; 2015 Text 4 Q2; 2013 Text 4 Q3; 2012 Text 2 Q5; 2012 Text 3 Q2; 2012 Text 4 Q1; 2012 Text 4 Q3; 2007 Text 3 Q4)
⑥We can infer from...that____.
(2006 Text 3 Q2)
⑦What is implied in...?
(2003 Text 4 Q1)
⑧From the text we learn that____.
(2003 Text 2 Q5)
⑨We can draw a conclusion from the text(the paragraph...) that____.
(2002 Text 3 Q4)
除此之外，还有大量的隐蔽型题干。
暗指题的特点是要求读者体味“言外之意”,信息只能从字里行间获得。这类题要求考生推敲原文，在理解字面含义的基础上，推测作者未明说而又意欲表达的含义。考生在解题时应尽可能与作者达成“共识”, 联系上下文，更好地体味字里行间的“言外之意”。
[例2012 Text 4]...Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.
Q3:It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is____.
[B]indirectly augmented
分析：句子末尾部分表明公共部门收入保持小幅增长，但是却增加原本已经很丰厚的假日和抚恤金。由此可推知，公共部门的收入得以变相加大。
[例2007 Text 3]From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks...a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.
Q4:It can be inferred from the last paragraph that____.
[C]financial problems may bring about political problems
分析：末句提到，经济不良后果已经显现，政治影响也不会太远了。该句中“经济不良后果”指的是上文提到的“政府把经济风险转移到中产阶级家庭身上”。由此可推知作者的意思是：经济问题解决不好会引起政治问题。
推理题与暗指题虽然有许多相似之处，但是其思路与方法更侧重于推理，主要测试考生的思维判断能力，即由已知的事实为依据去获得未知的信息。这类题要求考生以原文为基础，根据已知信息进行分析、推理，作出合乎逻辑的延伸。该类题型中比较特殊的是数字推理题和演绎推理题。
[例2013 Text 4]The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.
Q3.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts____.
[D]stood in favor of the states
分析：文中指出Antonin Scalia借助the Alien and Sedition Acts支持各州权利(defense of state privileges), 可推知the Alien and Sedition Acts支持州的权利，[D]选项正确。
[例2012 Text 2]The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has nothing left to lose by going to war with the state. But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a public trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission(NRC) reviews the company's application, it should keep in mind what promises from Entergy are worth.
Q4:It can be inferred from the last paragraph that____
[A]Entergy's business elsewhere might be affected.
分析：该段首先指出Entergy得出结论：其在佛蒙特州的名誉已经遭受损坏，再也没有什么东西可以丢失，所以可以和州政府开战了。转而(But)指出它应该承担相应后果，随后描述其在其他州的经营状况却也因此受到影响。
[例2006 Text 3]According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators(animals that kill and eat other animals)in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
Q2:We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm's paper that____.
[A]the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%
[B]there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago
[C]the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount
[D]the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old
分析：前一句提到，“新渔场在被开发后的15年中大型捕食动物减少80%”, 即剩下20%。后一句提到，“在一些长期捕鱼的地区，在这基数之上(since then)又减少了一半”, 即10%。因此在这些老渔场中大型捕食动物的物种资源共减少了90% 。[A]选项正确，其中old fisheries对应文中的long-fished areas, 与上文的new fishery相对照。由于文中没有具体给出新老渔场中鱼类数量减少所花的时间有多长，因此无法推出哪种渔场中鱼类减少速度更快。排除[D]选项。[B]和[C]选项都出现了文中没有的信息比较。不少考生对后一句中“In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then”没有读懂。注意“since then”实际上指的是从上一句中“80%”的那个基数算起。
从文中一般性的论述或确定的前提出发，通过推导即“演绎”, 得出具体陈述或个别结论。
[例2001 Text 1]The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.
Q1:The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as____.
[A]sociology and chemistry
[B]physics and psychology
[C]sociology and psychology
[D]physics and chemistry
分析：这两句指出，“19世纪的专业化的发展，以及随之而来的对训练的长期性和复杂性的要求，对业余人员参与科学研究造成了更大的困难。这一趋势在以数学或实验室训练为基础的科学领域里自然表现得最为突出”。四个选项中涉及社会学、化学、物理学、心理学四个学科。根据常识，物理学、化学与地质学都是以数学和实验室培训为基础的科学，而社会学和心理学则不是。比较四个选项只有[D]选项正确。
这类题更偏重于归纳推理，即从个别的前提出发，通过推理得出一个具有必然性的一般结论。考生应根据文章中的有关事实和观点总结归纳出合情合理的结论。
[例2006 Text 2]The sightseers who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don't usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town's revenue because they spend the night(some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.
Q2:It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that____.
[B]the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers
分析：作者比较了带有不同目的来小镇的游客所进行的不同活动。以旅游观光为目的的游客乘坐汽车而来，当天晚上就返回，他们通常不会看演出，甚至一些人对这里有剧院都感到出乎意料；而前来欣赏莎士比亚剧目的人则会顺便进行观光，而且至少要在小镇上住一个晚上。因此剧院认为他们实际上为小镇带来了大部分的收入。考生可以从这些细节中推理出，看演出的人比观光的人花钱要多，因为他们不仅买票进剧院，而且还要在小镇上进行观光和食宿。
此类题型到目前为止在考研阅读中占的比例很小，但是不能排除它是将来的一种新题型。
(1)判断文章的写作方法，包括开头、结尾方式及段落的拓展技巧等
[例2005 Text 1]In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by____.
[A]posing a contrast
[B]justifying an assumption
[C]making a comparison
[D]explaining a phenomenon
(2)推断作者的行文思路，猜测上下文可能出现的内容
首先，考生应该在分析概括文章的写作结构基础上进行推理。如：文章是按事物分类的叙述，而所选材料是其中一类，那么上下文就可能是对其他类别的叙述。其次，如果要求考生猜测短文之后的内容，就应该特别注意其结尾部分；如果要求考生猜测之前的内容，就应该特别注意短文的开始部分。其命题模式如下：
①It can be assumed that the paragraph preceding (following) the passage most probably discusses____.
②The paragraph preceding (following) this one is probably about____.
要求考生在读懂全文的基础上判断其选自何种书、杂志或文章的一部分。考生可以根据文章的写作结构、行文风格去推断其文体。其命题模式如下：
[例1996 Text 5]This passage appears to be a digest of____.
[A]a book review
[B]a scientific paper
[C]a magazine feature
[D]a newspaper editorial
1. 不要拘泥于字面含义，善于发现文中的逻辑关系。
2. 正确选项往往和文章的主题和中心思想，以及作者的总体态度、倾向一致。
3. 留意那些似乎话中有话的间接表达句。它们往往采用说半句、打比喻、正话反说的方式，留有让考生自己作结论或推理的余地。
4. 留意含义深刻或结构复杂的句子，其表达的意思往往不能一下子看透。
