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Day 48 上海高考英语、四六级、考研英语、专四、专八、雅思、托福词汇学习适用

  • 2026-01-22 13:11:00
Day 48 上海高考英语、四六级、考研英语、专四、专八、雅思、托福词汇学习适用

Day 48

以-grat-、-grac-、-gree- 为词根的单词

1. 词根来源与含义

词根
来源
核心含义
记忆逻辑
-grat-
拉丁语 gratus
感激的、令人愉快的、合意的
本义 “令人愉悦”,衍生 “感激”(因愉悦而感谢)、“满足”(获得愉悦)含义
-grac-
拉丁语 gratus(变体)
优雅的、得体的、恩惠的
由 “内在愉悦” 引申为 “外在优雅气质” 或 “他人给予的恩惠”
-gree-
拉丁语 gratus(发音演变)
同意、赞同
是 -grac- 的通俗口语变体,多见于高频日常词汇

2. 核心词汇与扩展词汇详解

🔹核心词 1: agree

  • 音标
    : /əˈɡriː/
  • 词根词缀
    a- (加强语气) + gree (=grac,同意) → 表达认同
  • 含义
    : v. 同意;赞同;相符
  • 例句
    : We all agree that this plan is practical. (我们都同意这个计划是可行的。)
    • 扩展词
    • 1. disagree
       : /ˌdɪsəˈɡriː/ → dis- (否定) + agree → v. 不同意;意见不合
      例句: I disagree with his opinion about the new policy. (我不赞同他对新政策的看法。)
    • 2. disagreement
      : /ˌdɪsəˈɡriːmənt/ → disagree + -ment (名词后缀) → n. 分歧;意见不合
      例句: There was a disagreement between the two teams on the project schedule. (两队在项目进度上存在分歧。)
    • 3. agreement
      : /əˈɡriːmənt/ → agree + -ment → n. 协议;同意
      例句: They signed a formal agreement to cooperate on the project. (他们签署了一份正式协议来合作开展这个项目。)
    • 4. agreeable
      : /əˈɡriːəbl/ → agree + -able (易… 的) → adj. 令人愉快的;随和的;赞同的
      例句: She has an agreeable personality that everyone likes. (她性格随和,所有人都喜欢她。)
    • 5. disagreeable
       : /ˌdɪsəˈɡriːəbl/ → dis- + agreeable → adj. 令人不快的;难相处的
      例句: The manager has a disagreeable habit of interrupting others. (这位经理有个令人反感的习惯,总爱打断别人说话。)

🔹核心词 2: grateful

  • 音标
    : /ˈɡreɪtfl/
  • 词根词缀
    grat (感激的) + -e- + -ful (充满… 的) → 充满感激的
  • 含义
    : adj. 感激的;感谢的
  • 例句
    : I am grateful to you for your timely help. (我感激你及时的帮助。)
    • 扩展词
    • 1. gratefully
       : /ˈɡreɪtfəli/ → grateful + -ly (副词后缀) → adv. 感激地;感谢地
      例句: She smiled gratefully and accepted the gift. (她感激地笑了笑,收下了礼物。)
    • 2. ungrateful
      : /ʌnˈɡreɪtfl/ → un- (否定) + grateful → adj. 忘恩负义的;不领情的
      例句: It’s ungrateful of you to complain after receiving so much help. (得到这么多帮助还抱怨,你真是忘恩负义。)

🔹核心词 3: grace

  • 音标
    : /ɡreɪs/
  • 词根词缀
    : 直接源自词根 -grac- (优雅的;恩惠)
  • 含义
    : n. 优雅;风度;恩惠 v. 使优美;给… 增光
  • 例句
    : The dancer moved with natural grace. (这位舞者的动作带着天生的优雅。)
    • 扩展词
    • 1. graceful
       : /ˈɡreɪsfl/ → grace + -ful → adj. 优雅的;得体的
      例句: She gave a graceful bow to the audience. (她向观众优雅地鞠了一躬。)
    • 2. gracious
      : /ˈɡreɪʃəs/ → grac + -ious (具有… 性质的) → adj. 和蔼的;优雅的;仁慈的
      例句: The hostess received the guests with a gracious smile. (女主人用和蔼的微笑迎接客人。)
    • 3. graceless
       : /ˈɡreɪsləs/ → grace + -less (无… 的) → adj. 不优雅的;粗鲁的
      例句: His graceless behavior embarrassed everyone present. (他粗鲁的举止让在场的所有人都很尴尬。)
    • 4. ungraceful
      : /ʌnˈɡreɪsfl/ → un- + graceful → adj. 不优雅的;笨拙的(与 graceless 近义,更侧重动作笨拙)
      例句: Her ungraceful landing made everyone laugh. (她笨拙的落地姿势引得大家发笑。)
    • 5. ungracious
       : /ʌnˈɡreɪʃəs/ → un- + gracious → adj. 无礼的;不友善的
      例句: The actor gave an ungracious response to the reporter’s question. (这位演员对记者的提问做出了无礼的回应。)
    • 6. gracile
       : /ˈɡræsaɪl/ → grac + -ile (具有… 特征的) → adj. 纤细优雅的;修长的(多用于书面描述身形)
      例句: The model has a gracile figure that suits haute couture. (这位模特身形修长优雅,很适合高级定制服装。)
    • 7. gracioso
      : /ɡrəˈsɪəʊsəʊ/ → 源自西班牙语,grac + -ioso → adj. 优雅的;风趣的 n. 喜剧演员
      例句: The gracioso performer entertained the crowd with his jokes. ( 这位风趣的表演者用笑话逗乐了观众。)
    • 8. disgrace
       : /dɪsˈɡreɪs/ → dis- (否定) + grace (恩惠 / 体面) → n. 耻辱;丢脸的人 / 事 v. 使蒙羞
      例句: Cheating in the exam is a disgrace to the school. (考试作弊是学校的耻辱。)
    • 9. disgraceful
       : /dɪsˈɡreɪsfl/ → disgrace + -ful → adj. 可耻的;不光彩的
      例句: The company’s disgraceful behavior was exposed by the media. (这家公司可耻的行为被媒体曝光了。)

🔹核心词 4: gratitude

  • 音标
    : /ˈɡrætɪtjuːd/
  • 词根词缀
    grat (感激) + -i- + -tude (名词后缀) → 感激之情
  • 含义
    : n. 感激;感谢
  • 例句
    : He expressed his gratitude to the teachers for their guidance. (他向老师们表达了对指导的感激之情。)
      • 扩展词
      • 1. ingratitude
         : /ɪnˈɡrætɪtjuːd/ → in- (否定) + gratitude → n. 忘恩负义
        例句: His ingratitude to his parents made everyone angry. (他对父母的忘恩负义让所有人都很气愤。)

    🔹核心词 5: congratulate

    • 音标
      : /kənˈɡrætʃəleɪt/
    • 词根词缀
      con- (共同) + grat (愉快) + -ul- + -ate (动词后缀) → 共同为某事感到愉快→祝贺
    • 含义
      : v. 祝贺;恭喜
    • 例句
      : We congratulate her on winning the competition. (我们祝贺她赢得了比赛。)
      • 扩展词
      • 1. congratulation
        : /kənˌɡrætʃuˈleɪʃn/ → congratulate + -ion → n. 祝贺;恭喜
        例句: Please accept my sincere congratulations on your promotion. (请接受我对你升职的诚挚祝贺。)
      • 2. congratulator
         : /kənˈɡrætʃəˌleɪtə(r)/ → congratulate + -or (人) → n. 祝贺者;道贺的人
        例句: The congratulators gathered around the winner to express their joy. (祝贺者们围在获胜者身边表达喜悦。)
      • 3. congratulatory
         : /kənˈɡrætʃələtəri/ → congratulate + -ory (形容词后缀) → adj. 祝贺的;道贺的
        例句: She received a congratulatory letter from her former school. (她收到了母校寄来的祝贺信。)
      • 4. gratulatory
         : /ˈɡrætjələtəri/ → grat (愉快) + -ulatory → adj. 祝贺的;表感谢的(较正式,与 congratulatory 近义)
        例句: The speech was filled with gratulatory remarks for the new president. (这篇演讲满是对新总统的祝贺之词。)

    🔹核心词 6: gratify

    • 音标
      : /ˈɡrætɪfaɪ/
    • 词根词缀
      grat (愉快) + -i- + -fy (使… 成为) → 使感到愉快
    • 含义
      : v. 使满足;使高兴;纵容
    • 例句
      : It gratifies me to see that my students have made progress. (看到学生们取得进步,我感到很欣慰。)
      • 扩展词
      • 1. gratification
        : /ˌɡrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ → gratify + -cation → n. 满足;喜悦;使人满意的事
        例句: The children found great gratification in building sandcastles. (孩子们从堆沙堡中获得了极大的乐趣。)
      • 2. gratified
         : /ˈɡrætɪfaɪd/ → gratify 的过去分词 / 形容词 → adj. 感到满足的;欣慰的
        例句: She was gratified by the audience’s positive feedback. (观众的正面反馈让她感到很欣慰。)
      • 3. ungratified
        : /ʌnˈɡrætɪfaɪd/ → un- + gratified → adj. 未得到满足的;失望的
        例句: His ungratified desire to travel made him feel depressed. (他未实现的旅行愿望让他感到沮丧。)

    🔹核心词 7: gratuitous

    • 音标
      : /ɡrəˈtjuːɪtəs/
    • 词根词缀
      grat (恩惠) + -uit- + -ous → 像恩惠一样白给的→无偿的;无端的
    • 含义
      : adj. 无偿的;免费的;无端的;不必要的
    • 例句
      : The company provides gratuitous technical support for its products. (这家公司为其产品提供免费的技术支持。)
      • 扩展词
      • 1. gratuitously
         : /ɡrəˈtjuːɪtəsli/ → gratuitous + -ly → adv. 无端地;无偿地
        例句: He gratuitously criticized his colleague in the meeting. (他在会议上无端地批评了同事。)
      • 2. gratis
        : /ˈɡreɪtɪs/ → 源自拉丁语,与 gratuitous 同源 → adj./adv. 免费的(地);无偿的(地)
        例句: The museum offers admission gratis to students on weekends. (这家博物馆周末对学生免费开放。)
      • 3. gratuity
         : /ɡrəˈtjuːəti/ → grat (恩惠) + -uity → n. 小费;赏钱;退休金
        例句: It’s customary to give a gratuity to the waiter in this restaurant. (在这家餐厅给服务员小费是一种惯例。)

    🔹核心词 8: ingratiate

    • 音标
      : /ɪnˈɡreɪʃieɪt/
    • 词根词缀
      in- (进入某种状态) + grat (愉快) + -iate (动词后缀) → 使他人感到愉快以讨好→迎合;讨好
    • 含义
      : v. 讨好;迎合;巴结(常与介词 with 搭配)
    • 例句
      : He tried to ingratiate himself with the boss by bringing coffee every morning. (他每天早上带咖啡,试图讨好老板。)
      • 扩展词
      • 1. ingratiating
         : /ɪnˈɡreɪʃieɪtɪŋ/ → ingratiate + -ing → adj. 讨好的;谄媚的
        例句: She gave the manager an ingratiating smile when she asked for a raise. (她请求加薪时,对经理露出了谄媚的微笑。)

    🔹核心词 9: ingrate

    • 音标
      : /ˈɪnɡreɪt/
    • 词根词缀
      in- (否定) + grat (感激) + -e → 不懂得感激的人
    • 含义
      : n. 忘恩负义的人
    • 例句
      : No one wants to be regarded as an ingrate who never repays kindness. (没人想被当成忘恩负义、不报答恩情。)

    3. 快速记忆方法

    A. 谐音联想口诀

    • -grat-/-grac-/-gree- 核心
      : 谐音 “割肉他”→ 割肉帮他(付出)→ 他感激;举止优雅不粗鲁→ 让人愉快;点头同意显随和
    • ingratiate
      : in(硬)+ grat(割肉)+ iate → 硬割肉去讨好→ 迎合、巴结
    • gratuity
      : grat(恩惠)+ uity → 恩惠变现金→ 小费
    • gratis
      : 谐音 “格雷提斯”→ 格雷提斯去博物馆免费
    • disgrace
      : dis(不)+ grace(体面)→ 没了体面→ 耻辱
    • agreeable
      : agree(同意)+ able → 让人同意的→ 随和的

    B. 场景分类记忆

    场景分类
    包含词汇
    记忆要点
    日常交流
    agree, disagree, agreement, agreeable, disagreeable
    围绕 “同意 / 分歧 / 性格”,口语高频
    情感表达
    grateful, gratitude, ungrateful, ingratitude, gratified
    正反对比:感激 vs 忘恩负义;满足 vs 失望
    气质 / 评价
    grace, graceful, gracious, graceless, ungraceful, disgrac
    优雅 vs 粗鲁 vs 耻辱,形容外在举止或声誉
    社交 / 祝贺
    congratulate, congratulation, congratulatory, gratulatory
    喜事场合专用,核心 “共同喜悦”
    利益 / 行为
    gratify, gratification, gratuitous, gratis, gratuity
    涉及 “满足感”“免费”“小费”,与利益相关
    人际交往
    ingratiate, ingratiating
    贬义,形容 “讨好、谄媚” 的行为

    C. 同义词/近义词辨析记忆

    词汇组
    词性
    核心差异
    英文例句
    中文翻译
    graceful gracious
    形容词
    graceful
    : 侧重动作、外形的优雅得体,形容人 / 物的外在姿态
    gracious: 侧重态度、举止的和蔼有礼,形容人的内在修养
    1. The ballerina made a graceful bow.
    2. The queen received guests with a gracious smile.
    1. 这位芭蕾舞演员行了一个优雅的鞠躬礼。
    2. 女王以和蔼的微笑迎接宾客。
    gratuitous   gratis
    形容词 / 副词
    gratuitous
    : ① 无偿的(正式);② 无端的、没必要的(贬义,核心区别义)
    gratis: 仅表示免费的 / 地(口语 + 书面通用,无贬义)
    1. His gratuitous criticism upset everyone.
    2. Students can get museum tickets gratis on weekends.
    1. 他无端的批评惹恼了所有人。
    2. 学生周末可以免费获得博物馆门票。
    congratulatory         gratulatory
    形容词
    congratulatory
    : 通用型 “祝贺的”,口语 + 书面均可
    gratulatory: 偏正式书面语,多用于演讲、公文等严肃场合
    1. We sent a congratulatory card to the newlyweds.
    2. The speech ended with gratulatory remarks for the leader.
    1. 我们给新婚夫妇寄了一张祝贺的贺卡。
    2. 演讲以对领导的祝贺之词收尾。
    ungraceful   graceless
    形容词
    ungraceful
    : 侧重动作的笨拙不灵活,中性偏客观描述graceless: 侧重举止的粗鲁无教养,贬义,含道德评价
    1. She had an ungraceful fall on the ice.
    2.His graceless comment ruined the dinner.
    1. 她在冰上笨拙地摔了一跤。
    2. 他粗鲁的言论毁了这场晚宴。
    ungrateful   ingrate
    形容词 / 名词
    ungrateful
    : 形容词,形容人 “忘恩负义的”,修饰人或行为
    ingrate: 名词,指 **“忘恩负义的人”**,直接作主语 / 宾语
    1.It’s ungrateful to ignore your parents’ help.
    2. No one wants to be called an ingrate.
    1. 忽视父母的帮助是忘恩负义的行为。
    2. 没人想被称为忘恩负义的人
    agreeable   gracious
    形容词
    agreeable
    : 侧重性格随和、容易相处,或事物 “令人愉快的”
    gracious: 侧重待人接物的宽厚有礼,格调更高
    1. She has an agreeable personality.
    2.It’s gracious of you to forgive his mistake.
    1. 她性格随和
    2. 你能原谅他的错误,真是宽宏大量

    4. 词汇思维导图

    版本一:带中文释义(学习理解用)

    版本二:不带中文释义(复习自测用)

    No great journey is achieved without small steps; make steady progress each day, and no effort will be in vain.

    未完待续~

    To be continued...

    有任何英语学习问题欢迎留言私信

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    1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.001280s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=b_mffb;charset=utf8mb4
    2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.001851s ]
    3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000770s ]
    4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000689s ]
    5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.001460s ]
    6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000591s ]
    7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.001522s ]
    8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 465057 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001152s ]
    9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1770339552 WHERE `id` = 465057 [ RunTime:0.026110s ]
    10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 66 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.009550s ]
    11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 465057 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001780s ]
    12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 465057 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001260s ]
    13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 465057 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.007817s ]
    14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 465057 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.007922s ]
    15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 465057 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.002361s ]
    0.260235s