考研题源外刊|《经济学人》谈午睡科学:你的午睡是在充电还是耗电?
How to get power naps rightWinston Churchill swore by them. After polishing off a boozy lunch and a cigar the former British prime minister would climb into bed for an afternoon nap. The last part of his regime may be worth imitating.温斯顿·丘吉尔对此深信不疑。这位英国前首相通常在畅饮午餐并抽完雪茄后，便会爬上床午睡。他这一生活习惯中的最后环节或许值得效仿。🌟 polish off 迅速吃完/喝完；快速完成Sleeping during the day is usually the preserve of shift workers and cats. But the science suggests that office workers can benefit, too. A randomised controlled trial in 2023 found that nappers woke up with improvements to mood, alertness and memory. Napping habitually might also be wise. A study from 2007 by the Harvard School of Public Health found that healthy adults who took regular naps had a 37% lower risk of dying from heart disease compared with non-nappers. One published in 2003 in Sleep Health suggested that habitual napping could even add years to your life by slowing the rate at which your brain shrinks with age.白天睡觉通常是轮班工人和猫咪的“特权”。但科学表明，办公室职员也能从中受益。2023年的一项随机对照试验发现，午睡者醒来时情绪、警觉性和记忆力均有所改善。养成午睡习惯或许是明智之举。2007年哈佛大学公共卫生学院的一项研究发现，与不午睡的成年人相比，有规律午睡习惯的健康成年人死于心脏病的风险要低37%。2003年发表在《睡眠健康》上的一篇论文甚至指出，习惯性午睡可以通过减缓大脑随年龄增长而萎缩的速度，达到延年益寿的效果。🌟 the preserve of …的专属领域，…的特权🌟 shift workers 轮班工人，倒班工作者🌟 randomised controlled trial（RCT）随机对照试验🌟 add years to your life 延年益寿Timing is crucial, though. Sleep scientists tend to agree that a short “power” nap, somewhere between ten and 30 minutes, is best. For example, in 1994 NASA found that a 26-minute power nap enhanced pilots’ physiological awareness and performance. Sleep for too long and you enter the deeper phases of the 90-minute sleep cycle and wake up feeling groggy. You may also struggle to fall asleep at night.然而，时机至关重要。睡眠科学家们普遍认为，一次短时高效的“能量小睡”——大约在10到30分钟之间——最为理想。例如，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）在1994年发现，一次26分钟的能量小睡能提升飞行员的生理警觉性和操作表现。如果睡得时间过长，你就会进入一个90分钟睡眠周期的深度阶段，醒来时会感到昏昏沉沉。晚上也可能难以入睡。同义替换：critical / vital / essential🌟 physiological awareness 生理警觉性🌟 struggle to do sth 艰难地做某事；费力才能做到Taking longer naps on a regular basis could even have deleterious effects. A meta-analysis in 2016 concluded that daily naps lasting more than an hour increased the risk of developing diabetes and associated cardiovascular trouble. And a study involving 1,400 participants in 2023 found a link between frequent extended naps and a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s. An alarm clock is a vital tool for the health-conscious.定期进行更长时间的午睡甚至可能产生有害影响。2016年的一项荟萃分析得出结论，每天持续超过一小时的午睡会增加患糖尿病及相关心血管疾病的风险。而2023年一项涉及1400名参与者的研究发现，频繁且长时间的午睡与患阿尔茨海默病的更高风险之间存在关联。对于有健康意识的人来说，闹钟是一个至关重要的工具。🌟 on a regular basis 定期地，有规律地be associated with... 与…相关🌟 a link between... and... …与…之间的关联🌟 the health-conscious 有健康意识的人Some sleep experts contend that humans are biologically disposed to nap. They point to a natural dip in alertness after midday, caused by fluctuations in the circadian rhythm. Studies which find that power naps do not disrupt night-time sleep also appear to bolster the case for kipping twice a day. In cultures where this is common, however, nappers must nevertheless rest at night for the recommended seven hours.一些睡眠专家主张，人类在生理上就适合午睡。他们指出，午后警觉性会自然下降，这是由昼夜节律的波动引起的。那些发现能量小睡不会干扰夜间睡眠的研究，似乎也佐证了每日小睡两次的合理性。然而，在此类做法普遍的文化中，午睡者夜间仍必须达到建议的七小时睡眠。🌟 circadian rhythm 昼夜节律，生理时钟What types of health consequences, asks Matthew Walker, a neuroscientist, in “Why We Sleep”, have been caused by humans’ abandonment of biphasic sleep (the practice of splitting up daily slumber into two chunks)? Many people recognise the feeling of post-lunch lethargy; few give into it. Nowadays falling asleep in the middle of the day is not always practical—workers have little opportunity to take a voluntary break from consciousness. Some opt for micro-sleeps instead. But the research suggests that the benefits of getting less than five minutes of shut-eye wear off quickly.神经科学家Matthew Walker在《我们为什么睡觉》一书中发问：人类放弃双相睡眠（即将每日睡眠分成两段的做法）带来了哪些健康后果？许多人都能体会到午餐后的昏昏欲睡，但很少有人会顺从这种感觉。如今，在白天小睡并不总是可行的——上班族几乎没有机会自愿地“关闭意识”休息一下。一些人因此选择了“微睡眠”。但研究表明，不足五分钟的短暂睡眠，其益处消退得很快。🌟 slumber n./v. 睡眠（文学或正式用语）Coffee is a popular antidote to midday drowsiness. A nappuccino might work better. A study published in 2008 found power naps to be more effective than caffeine at improving alertness and memory. Research published last year suggested that a midday doze could even reverse the effects of a bad night’s sleep.咖啡是抵御午后困倦的常用“解药”。但“咖啡小睡”可能效果更佳。2008年发表的一项研究发现，在提升警觉性和记忆力方面，高效小睡比咖啡因更有效。去年发表的研究还表明，午间小睡甚至能抵消一夜糟糕睡眠带来的负面影响。🌟 nappuccino 咖啡小睡（指先喝咖啡再小睡的行为）是合成词，构词法：nap（小睡）+ cappuccino（卡布奇诺）🌟 doze v./n. 小睡，打盹“The rest and the spell of sleep in the middle of the day”, Churchill wrote in his autobiography, “refresh the human frame far more than a long night.” Modern sleep experts might not go so far. But if you have time for a Churchillian catnap, it could do you some good. Just remember to set that alarm.丘吉尔在自传中写道：“午间的休息与小睡，远比漫长的夜晚更能让人恢复精力。”现代睡眠专家或许不会说得如此绝对。但如果你有时间进行一次“丘吉尔式”的小憩，它可能会对你有些益处。只是别忘了设好闹钟。🌟 do (someone) some good 对（某人）有好处randomised controlled trial 随机对照试验on a regular basis 定期地，有规律地Which of the following best reflects the author's overall perspective on daytime napping as presented in the passage?[A]. It is an unnatural and harmful practice that modern society should actively discourage.[B]. It is a biological necessity with unequivocal benefits, making it advisable for all adults.[C]. It can be beneficial, but its value is highly dependent on duration, timing, and individual habit.[D]. Its primary value is historical, as proven by iconic figures, with limited support from contemporary science.
10个月宝宝每天需要喝多少奶粉？
