医学英语考研复试–SCI文献翻译门静脉高压
Idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) is a rare disorder characterized by clinical portal hypertension in the absence of a recognizable cause such as cirrhosis. Laboratory tests often reveal a preserved liver function with anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia due to splenomegaly. Imaging studies reveal signs of portal hypertension, whereas liver stiffness and portal pressure values are usually normal or slightly elevated. Liver biopsy is considered mandatory in order to rule out other causes of portal hypertension, mainly cirrhosis. Liver histology may only show subtle or mild changes, and the definite diagnosis of IPH often requires an expert pathologist and a high-quality specimen. The most frequent clinical presentation is variceal bleeding. Ascites is rarely observed initially, although it may occasionally appear during follow-up. Typical histological findings associated with IPH have been described in patients without portal hypertension, probably representing early stages of the disease. Although the pathophysiology of this entity remains largely unknown, it is frequently associated with underlying immunological disorders, bacterial infections, trace metal poisoning, medications, liver circulatory disturbances, and thrombotic events. The long-term prognosis of patients with IPH, where ascites and the underlying condition are important prognostic factors, is better than in patients with cirrhosis. Treatments that modify the natural history of the disease remain an unmet need, and management of IPH is frequently restricted to control of portal hypertension-related complications.
一、难词提炼
Idiopathic portal hypertension /ˌɪdiəˈpæθɪk ˈpɔːrtəl ˌhaɪpərˈtenʃən/ 特发性门静脉高压症Portal hypertension /ˈpɔːrtəl ˌhaɪpərˈtenʃən/ 门静脉高压Cirrhosis /sɪˈroʊsɪs/ 肝硬化Splenomegaly /ˌspliːnəˈmɛɡəli/ 脾肿大Leukopenia /ˌluːkoʊˈpiːniə/ 白细胞减少Thrombocytopenia /ˌθrɒmboʊˌsaɪtoʊˈpiːniə/ 血小板减少Variceal bleeding /ˌværɪˈsiːəl ˈbliːdɪŋ/ 静脉曲张出血Liver stiffness /ˈlɪvər ˈstɪfnəs/ 肝脏硬度Portal pressure /ˈpɔːrtəl ˈpreʃər/ 门静脉压力Liver biopsy /ˈlɪvər ˈbaɪɒpsi/ 肝活检Liver histology /ˈlɪvər hɪˈstɒlədʒi/ 肝脏组织学Expert pathologist /ˈɛkspɜːrt pəˈθɒlədʒɪst/ 病理学专家High-quality specimen /ˈhaɪ ˈkwɒlɪti ˈspɛsɪmən/ 高质量标本二、本段翻译
特发性门静脉高压症（IPH）是一种罕见疾病，其特点是在无明显病因（如肝硬化）的情况下出现临床门静脉高压。实验室检查常显示肝功能保留，但因脾肿大伴发贫血、白细胞减少和血小板减少。影像学检查可见门静脉高压征象，而肝脏硬度和门静脉压力值通常正常或轻度升高。肝活检被认为是排除其他门静脉高压病因（主要为肝硬化）的必要手段。肝脏组织学可能仅显示轻微改变，IPH的明确诊断通常需要病理学专家和高品质的活检标本。最常见的临床表现是静脉曲张出血。腹水在初诊时少见，但可能在随访期间偶尔出现。与IPH相关的典型组织学表现也可见于无门静脉高压的患者，这可能代表疾病的早期阶段。尽管该病的病理生理机制仍不明确，但它常与潜在的免疫性疾病、细菌感染、微量金属中毒、药物、肝脏循环障碍及血栓事件相关。IPH患者的长期预后优于肝硬化患者，其中腹水和基础疾病是重要的预后影响因素。目前尚缺乏能够改变疾病自然病程的治疗方法，IPH的治疗通常仅限于控制门静脉高压相关并发症。
