长难句切割方法
核心技巧：去枝叶、留主干
枝叶：定语、状语；主干：五种基本句型
定语（6种）：
1.名词前：2种
1）限定词：two apples
2）形容词：a beautiful girl
2．名词后：6种
1）介词短语：the book in the desk；the man with a book
2）to do 不定式：a lot of work to do
3）形容词短语：those customers compassionate about our products
4）分词短语：
A.现在分词短语：the girl singing songs
B.过去分词短语：the book published in New York
5）定语从句：I like the book which is published in New York.
6）同位语从句（本质是名词性从句，但因和定语从句比较相似，为了方便同学长难句分析，姑且算入定语的类型）：She told me the news that the war has failed.
状语（4种）：
1.副词（可以修饰动词、形容词、句子、副词等，位置灵活）：work hard；very beautiful
2.介词短语：After finishing his homework, he watched TV.
3.非谓语动词短语：
A.v-ing形式：Seeing from the place，we can have a better view about the city.
B.v-ed形式：seen from the place，the city is more beautiful.
C.to do形式：To finish the task，we have to stay up.
4.状语从句：Where there is a river，there is a city.
切割方法：把长难句中出现的定语和状语去掉，剩下的句子主干（五种基本句型）就是句子的主干。
例子：
The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years.
上述句子中，playing major professional sports属于现在分词短语做bodies的后置定语，去掉；dramatically属于副词做状语，修饰changed这个动词，去掉；over the years这个介词短语做状语修饰have changed，去掉。所以，整个句子的主干为：The bodies have changed.
