医学英语考研复试–SCI文献翻译结直肠癌
医学英语考研复试–SCI文献翻译结直肠癌
Diet has an important role in the development of colorectal cancer. In the past few decades, findings from extensive epidemiologic and experimental investigations have linked consumption of several foods and nutrients to the risk of colorectal neoplasia. Calcium, fiber, milk, and whole grains have been associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer, and red meat and processed meat have been associated with an increased risk. There is substantial evidence for the potential chemopreventive effects of vitamin D, folate, fruits, and vegetables. Nutrients and foods also may interact, as a dietary pattern, to influence colorectal cancer risk. Diet likely influences colorectal carcinogenesis through several interacting mechanisms. These include the direct effects on immune responsiveness and inflammation, and the indirect effects of overnutrition and obesity-risk factors for colorectal cancer. Emerging evidence also implicates the gut microbiota as an important effector in the relationship between diet and cancer. Dietary modification therefore has the promise of reducing colorectal cancer incidence.一、难词汇总
- Colorectal cancer** - /ˌkəʊləˈrektəl ˈkænsər/ - 结直肠癌
- Epidemiologic** - /ˌepɪˌdiːmiəˈlɒdʒɪk/ - 流行病学的
- Neoplasia** - /ˌniːəʊˈpleɪziə/ - 肿瘤形成，赘生
- Calcium** - /ˈkælsiəm/ - 钙
- Fiber** - /ˈfaɪbər/ - 膳食纤维
- Processed meat** - /ˈprəʊsest miːt/ - 加工肉类
- Chemopreventive** - /ˌkiːməʊprɪˈventɪv/ - 化学预防的
- Folate** - /ˈfəʊleɪt/ - 叶酸
- Dietary pattern** - /ˈdaɪətəri ˈpætərn/ - 饮食模式
- Carcinogenesis** - /ˌkɑːrsɪnəʊˈdʒenɪsɪs/ - 致癌作用
- Immune responsiveness** - /ɪˈmjuːn rɪˈspɒnsɪvnəs/ - 免疫反应性
- Inflammation** - /ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃən/ - 炎症
- Overnutrition** - /ˌəʊvərnjuːˈtrɪʃən/ - 营养过剩
- Obesity** - /əʊˈbiːsəti/ - 肥胖
- Gut microbiota** - /ɡʌt ˌmaɪkrəʊbaɪˈəʊtə/ - 肠道微生物群
- Effector** - /ɪˈfektər/ - 效应因子
- Incidence** - /ˈɪnsɪdəns/ - 发病率
二、本段翻译
饮食在结直肠癌的发展过程中扮演着重要角色。过去几十年来，大量流行病学及实验研究结果表明，多种食物与营养素的摄入与结直肠肿瘤的发生风险密切相关。钙、膳食纤维、牛奶及全谷物摄入与结直肠癌风险降低相关，而红肉和加工肉类的摄入则会增加患病风险。现有充分证据表明维生素D、叶酸、水果和蔬菜可能具有化学预防作用。各类营养素与食物也可能通过饮食模式产生交互作用，共同影响结直肠癌风险。饮食可能通过多重相互作用机制影响结直肠癌的发生发展，包括对免疫反应和炎症的直接作用，以及营养过剩和肥胖（结直肠癌风险因素）产生的间接影响。新近研究还指出，肠道微生物群是饮食与癌症关系中的重要效应因子。因此，通过调整饮食模式有望降低结直肠癌的发病率。
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