
精读笔记
Quotas are often offered as a panacea to all diversity-workplace woes. In my experience, institutions that establish quotas are usually far too busy congratulating themselves for their surface-level changes to worry about the finer details, such as retention rates or the roles into which they are recruiting minority staff. The kinds of problems that are caused by homogeny in the workplace are not immediately fixed simply by having more women and minorities “in the room”.
配额制常常被当作解决职场多元化所有弊病的万能药。根据我的经验,设立了配额制的机构,通常都忙于为表面的改变自我庆贺,而无暇顾及更精细的细节,比如人才保留率,或者他们为少数族裔员工招募的是何种岗位。职场同质化带来的种种问题,并非仅仅让更多女性和少数族裔“在场”就能立刻解决的。
quota /ˈkwoʊtə/ n. 配额,定额
配额是指在追求社会公平和组织多元化的进程中,由一个权威方(通常是政府机构、立法机构组织高层)自上而下强制执行的一项刚性数量指标或比例要求,例如要求在董事会、招聘名单或被提拔人员中至少有X%的女性或少量族裔成员等。
【考】
2020考研真题考过:Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women. 下次再有人把企业配额制作为促进性别平等的方式时,请记住,这种政策在很大程度上是一种自利措施,让发起人感觉良好,但对普通女性却并无帮助。
panacea /ˌpænəˈsiːə/ n. 万能药,灵丹妙药
【搭】panacea for sth.
【例】
While online learning platforms provide greater access to educational resources, we must remember that they are not a panacea for the deep-seated issues of educational inequality. 尽管在线学习平台让获取教育资源更为便利,但我们必须记住,它们并非解决教育不平等这一深层问题的万能药。
woe /woʊ/ n. 困难,问题;痛苦
这里,woe比problem或issue更能体现作者认为多样性问题是长期存在、根深蒂固的看法。
【例】
The rapid development of AI is often hailed as a solution to various social woes, yet it simultaneously gives rise to new ethical dilemmas and labor market disruptions. 人工智能的快速发展常被吹捧为解决各种社会难题的方案,然而它同时也引发了新的伦理困境和劳动力市场动荡。
surface-level adj. 表面的,肤浅的
【例】
The manager’s feedback was only surface-level, focusing on minor formatting issues while completely missing the core logical flaws in the report.
经理的反馈只是表面的,只关注了细微的格式问题,却完全没看到报告中的核心逻辑缺陷。
retention rate 保留率
retention rate是一个在商业、人力资源、教育、营销等领域都非常重要的指标,指“保留率”或“留存率”。文中特指“员工保留率”,尤其是针对通过配额制招聘进来的女性和少数族裔员工。
真题考过turnover, turnover rate(离职率)这个概念也需要掌握,和保留率是一体两面。保留率 = 1 - 离职率。
homogeny /həˈmɒdʒəni/ n. 同质化
源自希腊语 homos(相同)+ genos(种类、种族),它的反义词是heterogeneity(异质性)。
【考】
考研2006真题考过其动词homogenize:In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. 尽管“差异论”不绝于耳,美国社会却是一台惊人的同化机器。
Last year, when Gucci was forced after a backlash to withdraw from sale a jumper resembling blackface, it was argued that these kind of racist faux pas would be avoided by quotas. No Gucci employees seemed to twig the bright red and black issue with it—despite this exact thing happening a few months previously when Prada pulled figurines and keychains with similar blackface imagery.
去年,古驰因一款类似“黑脸”的毛衣引发舆论反弹而被迫下架,当时有人认为,配额制本可以避免这类种族歧视的失态。似乎没有任何古驰员工察觉到这抹鲜红与黑色背后的问题——尽管就在几个月前,普拉达因下架带有类似黑脸形象的玩偶和钥匙链而闹得沸沸扬扬,事情如出一辙。
backlash /ˈbæklæʃ/ n. 强烈反对,反弹
backlash指对某一事件或发展的强烈反对、反弹,通常指公众舆论或社会的负面、愤怒反应。
【例】
The government’s new policy triggered a major backlashfrom environmental groups and the public, forcing a reevaluation. 政府的新政策引发了环保团体和公众的强烈反弹,迫使当局重新评估。
withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ v. 撤回,下架
withdraw from sale 是一个固定搭配,意为“下架,停止销售”。
【例】
The company had to withdraw its misleading advertisement following an investigation. 调查后,该公司不得不撤下其误导性广告。
resemble /rɪˈzembl/ v. 类似于
【例】
Some argue that social media algorithms resemble an “echo chamber,” reinforcing users’ existing beliefs. 有人认为社交媒体算法像一个“回音室”,强化了用户已有的观点。
faux pas /ˌfəʊ ˈpɑː/ n.(法)失礼,失态
源于法语,意为“失礼,失态,失言”,特指在社交或文化场合因无知或疏忽而犯的尴尬错误。
【例】
Asking about someone’s salary is considered a major faux pas in many cultures. 在许多文化中,询问他人薪水被视为严重的失礼行为。
twig /twɪɡ/ v. 突然明白,意识到
twig常用来指终于明白了本应显而易见的事。这里暗示,对种族文化有基本认知的人本应立刻看出问题,但古驰团队没有。
【例】
He finally twigged that she was joking. 他终于明白她是在开玩笑。
figurine /ˈfɪɡəriːn/ n.(人、动物的)小塑像
keychain 钥匙链;钥匙扣
Diversity itself is only one part of the puzzle—inclusion is the bigger, most integral piece. If the culture of a workplace doesn’t genuinely embrace diversity of thought, the backgrounds of its staff mean nothing. Many company higher-upscommit only to diversifying their staff at the very lowest levels, and are not interested in new perspectives but in having views they already hold parroted back to them. Of the very few female executive directors in FTSE 100 companies (they make up just over 30%), 97% of them are white.
多元化本身只是拼图的一部分——包容性才是更大、更不可或缺的那一块。如果职场文化并非真正接纳思想的多样性,那么员工的背景就毫无意义。许多公司高层只承诺在最低级别实现员工多元化,他们感兴趣的不是新观点,而是有人把他们已有的观点鹦鹉学舌般地复述给他们。在富时100指数公司中,女性执行董事本就少之又少(仅略高于30%),其中97%是白人。
inclusion /ɪnˈkluːʒn/ n. 包括,包含
在讲多元化(diversity)的语境中,inclusion特指“包容”,即创造一种环境,让所有不同背景的人都能感到被尊重、被重视,能够充分参与并发挥影响力。
integral /ˈɪntɪɡrəl/ adj. 必需的;不可或缺的
【例】
Critical thinking is integral to higher education, not an optional add-on. 批判性思维是高等教育不可或缺的一部分,而非可有可无的附加项。
higher-up /ˌhaɪərˈʌp/ n. 上级;上司
非正式用语,通常指一个组织中级别较高、有决策权的人。
commit to doing sth.
意为“承诺,投入(资源、精力)”去做某事,强调的是一种正式或严肃的允诺,并暗示后续会有行动。
【例】
The government has committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. 政府已承诺在2060年前实现碳中和。
parrot /ˈpærət/ v. 鹦鹉学舌地说…
【例】
The students were criticized for merely parroting the textbook rather than expressing their own analysis. 学生们因只是鹦鹉学舌般重复课本内容,而非表达自己的分析而受到批评。
Quotas cannot simply be a quick-fix, or an exercise in PR. We must go beyond an annual cohort of brown perma-interns that can do little to challenge the status quo. We cannot simply just be in the room to make change; we require a seat at the table, too.
配额制不能仅仅是一剂“快速疗法”,或是一次公关作秀。我们必须超越每年招一批对现状无能为力、像永久实习生般的少数族裔。我们不仅要在场才能推动变革;更需要在决策桌上拥有一席之地。
quick-fix /ˈkwɪk fɪks/ n. 权宜之计
强调方法简单、快速但不彻底、无法解决根本问题,通常带有贬义。作者将配额制称为quick-fix,直接否定了其作为根本解决方案的可能性。
exercise /ˈeksəsaɪz/ n.(为达到特定结果的)活动
这里exercise是熟词生义,指带有一定目的性、形式性,有时甚至是做样子、走过场的活动。
【例】
Planting a few trees without addressing industrial pollution is merely an exercise in greenwashing, not a sincere commitment to environmental protection. 只种几棵树而不解决工业污染,这不过是一场绿色洗白的作秀,而非对环境保护的真谛承诺。
go beyond 超越
We must go beyond an annual cohort of... 意思是“我们必须超越/不能只满足于每年招一批…”。
【例】
Effective education goes beyond test scores to nurture critical thinking and character. 有效的教育超越考试分数,致力于培养批判性思维和品格。
【考】
2022真题考过:The reach of art-science tie-ups needs to go beyond the necessary purpose of research communication, and participants must not fall into the trap of stereotyping each other. 艺术与科学合作的范围应超越研究传播这一必要目的,且参与者必须避免陷入对彼此形成刻板印象的陷阱。
cohort /ˈkəʊhɔːt/ n.(有共同特点的)一批人,一群
特别常用于指同期进入一个机构、共享某种经历或属于同一统计群体的人。
an annual cohort of brown perma-interns指“每年一批的有色人种永久实习生”。用 cohort这个词,带有一种批量处理的意味,就好像这些实习生只是一个为了完成“多样性指标”而按年度采购的人群批次,带着作者对该做法的批判。
【例】
The latest cohort of management trainees comes from remarkably diverse academic backgrounds, including philosophy, engineering, and fine arts. 最新一批管理培训生来自极其多样化的学术背景,包括哲学、工程和美术。
perma-interns
合成名词。由permanent(永久的)的前缀perma-和interns(实习生)组合而成,是一个作者自创的词汇,字面意思是“永久实习生”。
status quo /ˌsteɪtəs ˈkwəʊ/ n. 现状
【例】
True innovators are always willing to question and disrupt the status quo. 真正的创新者总是愿意质疑并打破现状。
a seat at the table 一席之地
指在决策场合中拥有一席之地;拥有参与权、话语权和影响力。
【例】
The small country fought hard to get a seat at the table during the crucial trade negotiations. 这个小国奋力争取在关键的贸易谈判中获得一席之位。
以上。