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英语中“就近原则”语法清单(最全整理|考试常考易错点)

  • 2026-02-02 11:35:40
英语中“就近原则”语法清单(最全整理|考试常考易错点)

下面我把小学生阶段最常见、最实用的“就近原则”语法完整整理成一篇可直接发公众号的内容(尽量写全、配例句、标出易错点)。


一、什么是“就近原则”?

就近原则:当主语不止一个、或主语后面跟着“附加成分”时,谓语动词(is/are、does/do 等)要看离它最近的那个名词/代词来决定用单数还是复数。

一句话记忆:
谓语看“最近的主语”是谁。


二、小学最常考的 5 类“就近原则”结构

小学阶段,最常见的就近原则基本都集中在下面这些结构里。


1)There be 句型:There is / There are(最常考)

规则

  • There is + 单数/不可数

  • There are + 复数

  • 如果后面有多个名词并列:看离 be 最近的那个名词(就近)

例句

  • There is a book on the desk.
    桌上有一本书。

  • There are two books on the desk.
    桌上有两本书。

  • There is a pen and two rulers in the bag.(就近 a pen)
    书包里有一支钢笔和两把尺子。

  • There are two rulers and a pen in the bag.(就近 two rulers)
    书包里有两把尺子和一支钢笔。

易错点

很多同学只看第一个名词,这是错的;要看离 is/are 最近的那个。


2)A or B:……或者……(就近)

规则

A or B + 谓语:谓语看 B(离谓语最近的主语)

例句

  • My mother or my father is at home.(father 单数)
    我妈妈或我爸爸在家。

  • My mother or my parents are at home.(parents 复数)
    我妈妈或我父母在家。

注意:如果是一般现在时第三人称单数(does/has/likes),也按就近来选。

  • Tom or I go to school by bus.(I → go)
    汤姆或我坐公交上学。

  • Tom or Jim goes to school by bus.(Jim → goes)
    汤姆或吉姆坐公交上学。


3)Neither A nor B:既不……也不……(就近)

规则

neither A nor B + 谓语:谓语看 B

例句

  • Neither my dad nor my mom is free.(mom 单数)
    我爸爸和我妈妈都没空。

  • Neither my dad nor my parents are free.(parents 复数)
    我爸爸和我父母都没空。


4)Not only A but also B:不但……而且……(就近)

规则

not only A but also B + 谓语:谓语看 B

例句

  • Not only you but also he is right.(he 单数)
    不仅你,而且他也是对的。

  • Not only he but also they are right.(they 复数)
    不仅他,而且他们也是对的。


5)Either A or B:要么……要么……(就近)

规则

either A or B + 谓语:谓语看 B

例句

  • Either you or your brother is in the room.(brother 单数)
    要么你,要么你弟弟在房间里。

  • Either Tom or his parents are coming.(parents 复数)
    要么汤姆,要么他的父母要来。


三、就近原则最常考的“动词点位”

小学题里,常考的不是复杂动词,而是这些“选择题高频点”:

1)be 动词

  • is / am / are(最常见)

  • was / were(过去时也同理)

2)一般现在时的助动词/动词形式

  • do / does

  • have / has

  • like / likes

  • go / goes

口诀:就近看谁,动词就跟谁变。


四、最容易混淆:这些情况不是“就近原则”

1)A and B 作主语:通常用复数(不是就近)

  • Tom and Jim are friends. ✅
    汤姆和吉姆是朋友。

2)with / together with / as well as 等:一般看前面的主语(不是就近)

小学也可能出现这种句子(较少,但要知道):

  • Tom with his friends is/are…
    更标准的语法里,谓语通常看 Tom(主语本体),但小学阶段一般不太深考。

小学最稳的结论:
考试重点还是 There be + or / nor / but also 这几类。


五、一页总结表(直接背)

结构
是否就近
看谁决定 is/are / do/does
There is/are + A and B
✅是
看离 be 最近的名词
A or B
✅是
看 B
Either A or B
✅是
看 B
Neither A nor B
✅是
看 B
Not only A but also B
✅是
看 B
A and B
❌不是
通常用复数

小学英语“就近原则”专项选择题


【1】There ______ a book and two pencils on the desk.
A. is  B. are  C. be

【2】There ______ two pencils and a book on the desk.
A. is  B. are  C. am

【3】Either you or Tom ______ to school by bike.
A. go  B. goes  C. going

【4】Either Tom or you ______ to school by bike.
A. goes  B. go  C. to go

【5】Not only my sister but also my parents ______ at home.
A. is  B. are  C. am

【6】Not only my parents but also my sister ______ at home.
A. are  B. is  C. be

【7】Neither my dad nor my mom ______ English.
A. speak  B. speaks  C. speaking

【8】Neither my dad nor my friends ______ English.
A. speaks  B. speak  C. to speak

【9】My mother or my father ______ dinner every day.
A. cook  B. cooks  C. cooking

【10】My mother or my parents ______ dinner every day.
A. cooks  B. cook  C. cooking


答案与讲解(含中文翻译)

【1】答案:A. is
讲解:There be 句型遵循就近原则,离动词最近的是 a book(单数),所以用 is
中文翻译:桌子上有一本书和两支铅笔。

【2】答案:B. are
讲解:离动词最近的是 two pencils(复数),所以用 are
中文翻译:桌子上有两支铅笔和一本书。

【3】答案:B. goes
讲解:Either A or B 遵循就近原则,看 Tom(第三人称单数),动词用 goes
中文翻译:要么你要么汤姆骑自行车上学。

【4】答案:B. go
讲解:Either A or B 看离动词最近的主语,这里最近的是 you,所以用 go
中文翻译:要么汤姆要么你骑自行车上学。

【5】答案:B. are
讲解:Not only A but also B 遵循就近原则,看 my parents(复数),用 are
中文翻译:不仅我妹妹,而且我父母也在家。

【6】答案:B. is
讲解:看离动词最近的主语 my sister(单数),所以用 is
中文翻译:不仅我父母,而且我妹妹也在家。

【7】答案:B. speaks
讲解:Neither A nor B 遵循就近原则,看最近的 my mom(第三人称单数),动词用 speaks
中文翻译:我爸爸和我妈妈都不讲英语。(这里用单数形式由就近原则决定)

【8】答案:B. speak
讲解:看离动词最近的主语 my friends(复数),动词用 speak
中文翻译:我爸爸和我的朋友都不讲英语。(这里用复数形式由就近原则决定)

【9】答案:B. cooks
讲解:A or B 遵循就近原则,看最近的 my father(第三人称单数),所以用 cooks
中文翻译:我妈妈或我爸爸每天做晚饭。

【10】答案:B. cook
讲解:看最近的 my parents(复数),动词用 cook
中文翻译:我妈妈或我父母每天做晚饭。


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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000578s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=b_mffb;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000689s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000420s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000253s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000483s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000513s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000630s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 474936 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000726s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1770365256 WHERE `id` = 474936 [ RunTime:0.002490s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 65 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000248s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 474936 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.005744s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 474936 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.008656s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 474936 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.008714s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 474936 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.010659s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 474936 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.015465s ]
0.125056s