申请指南 | 欧洲国家升学:爱尔兰、德国、法国、瑞士、荷兰篇

01

• Ireland’s Trinity College Dublin: QS World University Ranking #75.

• University College Dublin:QS World University Ranking #118.

02

• Undergraduate applications are mainly submitted through each university’s official application system (pathways vary by institution).
  Strategic advice:
  👉 Use Dublin-based universities (e.g. Trinity College Dublin) as reach options
  👉 Use other comprehensive universities as stable choices

• If considering “study + stay + work” in Ireland:
  After graduation, students may apply for the Ireland Third Level Graduate Programme (Stamp 1G):

  📌 Officially stated: eligible non-EEA graduates may remain in Ireland after graduation to seek employment

  ⏱ The standard duration is 12 months; for master’s graduates, an additional 12 months may be granted under certain conditions

03

Undergraduate Tuition Overview

(Non-EU international students | 3–4 years | converted to RMB)

Overall, Irish undergraduate tuition for non-EU students is charged by discipline, with clear differences across subject areas.

Humanities / Social Sciences / Law

• Public universities: approx. RMB 156,000–179,000 per year

• Institutes of Technology / Technological Universities: approx. RMB 94,000–140,000 per year

Typical examples:

• University College Dublin (UCD) – Arts / History / Law: approx. RMB 176,000

• University College Cork (UCC) – Arts: approx. RMB 156,000+

Business / Economics

• Public universities: approx. RMB 172,000–218,000 per year

• Institutes of Technology / Technological Universities: approx. RMB 117,000–156,000 per year

Typical examples:

• UCD Smurfit School of Business (Finance): approx. RMB 218,000

• Trinity College Dublin (TCD) – Business: approx. RMB 172,000–187,000

Engineering / Computer Science

• Public universities: approx. RMB 172,000–226,000 per year

• Institutes of Technology / Technological Universities: approx. RMB 125,000–172,000 per year

Typical examples:

• UCD – Engineering: approx. RMB 227,000

• TCD – Computer Science: approx. RMB 164,000–195,000

Medicine / Food Science

• Public universities: approx. RMB 226,000–421,000 per year

Typical examples:

• UCD – Food Science: approx. RMB 227,000

• Clinical Medicine: up to approx. RMB 421,000 per year

Postgraduate Tuition Overview

(Non-EU international students | 1–2 years | converted to RMB)

Humanities & Social Sciences

• Public universities: approx. RMB 109,000–156,000 per year

• Institutes of Technology / Technological Universities: approx. RMB 94,000–125,000 per year

Typical examples:

• Trinity College Dublin (TCD) – Education: approx. RMB 108,000

• University of Galway – MLitt: approx. RMB 113,000

Business

• Public universities: approx. RMB 156,000–218,000 per year

• Institutes of Technology / Technological Universities: approx. RMB 140,000–172,000 per year

Typical examples:

• University College Dublin (UCD) – MSc Finance: approx. RMB 218,000

• University College Cork (UCC) – Business: approx. RMB 156,000+

Engineering / Computer Science

• Public universities: approx. RMB 195,000–226,000 per year

• Institutes of Technology / Technological Universities: approx. RMB 156,000–195,000 per year

Typical examples:

• UCD – Engineering: approx. RMB 226,000

• TCD / University of Galway – Engineering: approx. RMB 195,000+

Medicine / Clinical Programs

• Public universities: approx. RMB 218,000–312,000 per year

In practice:
Core clinical programs typically cost RMB 234,000+ per year.
Actual tuition varies significantly by specialty and should be confirmed on the official university websites.

Estimated Total Living Costs per Academic Year

(based on 9–12 months)

• Outside Dublin + shared accommodation + self-catering:
  €9,600–14,400 per year, approximately RMB 80,000–120,000.

  
  Suitable for students with a limited budget who prioritize cost-effectiveness.

• Dublin + shared accommodation (en-suite) + moderate dining out:
  €13,000–22,000 per year, approximately RMB 110,000–170,000.

  This range meets the living needs of most students.

• Dublin + private studio + frequent dining out:
  €22,000+ per year, approximately RMB 180,000+.
  Suitable for students seeking greater privacy and convenience in daily life.

04

• Students who wish to study in an English-speaking environment in Europe while retaining a clear, policy-supported pathway to employment after graduation;

• Students interested in fields such as business, computer science, pharmaceuticals, or life sciences
  (with Ireland’s industry clusters concentrated in and around Dublin).

01

• 慕尼黑工业大学（TUM）：德国理工标杆，2026 QS 全球第 22

  📌机械、电气、计算机等工程领域顶尖，

  TU9 联盟核心，产学研结合紧密。

• 慕尼黑大学（LMU）2026 QS 全球第 58

  📌医学、法学、人文社科突出，免学费教育典范。

• 海德堡大学：2026 QS 全球第 80

  📌德国最古老大学，生命科学、临床医学、古典学全球领先，诺奖得主众多。

02

德国申请常见分流逻辑：

• 研究型大学（学术/科研） vs 应用科学大学（实践/校企）

• APS 审核（适用于高考）

  👉周期：材料准备 + 审核 + 面试约 3-6 个月，建议提前 6 个月启动，避开 11-12 月高峰。

  👉材料：毕业证 / 在读证明、成绩单、身份证等公证 + 德语翻译件；面谈 15-20 分钟，70% 为专业知识问答。

  👉有效期：2 年，过期需重审。

• ✅DSE学生可直接豁免 APS，按香港学历路径申请

• 毕业后留德：官方信息明确，第三国毕业生可申请最长 18 个月居留用于寻找合格工作，期间可从事任何工作（Make it in Germany；BAMF 也有同口径说明）。 

03

（1）学费：

• 德国整体以“学费低/免学费 + 学期杂费”为特色；但**巴符州（Baden-Württemberg）**对非欧盟学生有例外：DAAD 明确提到该州非欧盟学生需缴纳 €1,500/学期。 

（2）生活费：

• DAAD 引用 2023 社会调查：学生平均支出约 €10512/年, 折合人民币约8万6元 / 年。

04

• 预算敏感、希望高质量工科/理工教育；

• 有毕业后留欧工作的明确诉求（18 个月求职居留很关键）；

• 能接受部分项目需要德语、或愿意提前规划语言与实习。

01

• Technical University of Munich (TUM)
  Germany’s benchmark institution for engineering and technology
  QS World University Rankings 2026: #22

  Particularly strong in mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and computer science

  A core member of the TU9 alliance, with close

  integration between industry, academia, and research

• Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU)
  QS World University Rankings 2026: #58

  Outstanding strengths in medicine, law, and the humanities and social sciences

  A flagship example of Germany’s tuition-free public university model

• Heidelberg University
  QS World University Rankings 2026: #80

  Germany’s oldest university

• Globally recognized for life sciences, clinical medicine, and classical studies

  Home to numerous Nobel Prize laureates

02

Common application and progression logic in Germany:

• A clear distinction between:

  Research universities (academically and research-oriented), and

  Universities of Applied Sciences (practice-oriented, closely linked to industry)

• APS Review (Applicable to Gaokao Track)

  👉 Timeline:
  Document preparation + review + interview typically take 3–6 months.
  It is recommended to start at least 6 months in advance and avoid the November–December peak period.

  👉 Required documents:
  Graduation certificate / proof of current enrollment, academic transcripts, ID card, etc., all notarized and translated into German.
  The interview lasts 15–20 minutes, with approximately 70% focused on subject-specific knowledge.

  👉 Validity:
  The APS certificate is valid for 2 years. A new review is required after expiration.

• ✅ DSE students are exempt from APS and may apply directly via the Hong Kong qualification pathway.

• Post-graduation stay and employment:
  Official policies clearly state that non-EU graduates may apply for up to 18 months of residence after graduation to seek qualified employment.
  During this period, graduates are allowed to take up any form of employment.
  (This pathway is officially outlined by Make it in Germany and the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF).)

03

(1) Tuition Fees

Germany is characterized by low or no tuition fees, with students typically paying only semester administrative fees.

Exception: The state of Baden-Württemberg

Non-EU students are required to pay €1,500 per semester, as clearly stated by DAAD.

(2) Living Costs

According to a DAAD-cited 2023 social survey, the average student living cost in Germany is approximately:
€10,512 per year,
equivalent to around RMB 87,000 per year (approximate conversion).

04

• Budget-conscious students seeking high-quality engineering or STEM education

• Those with a clear goal of working in Europe after graduation (the 18-month job-seeking residence permit is a key advantage)

• Students who are comfortable with programs requiring German, or willing to plan ahead for language preparation and internships

01

• 巴黎文理研究大学 PSL：QS 全球排名 #28

• 巴黎政治学院Sciences Po：

  政治学 / 国际关系 QS 全球排名 #3

• HEC Paris（巴黎高商）2025FT 全球排名 # 2

• ESSEC 高等商学院 2025FT 全球排名 # 14

02

法国路径通常分为：

• 公立大学体系、精英院校体系（Grandes Écoles）、以及部分英文授课项目。

• 毕业后留法：法国官方 Service-Public 明确有“Recherche d’emploi / création d’entreprise（求职/创业）”居留：可在法国停留 1 年用于求职或创业，并允许受雇工作（雇主无需另行申请工作许可）。 

03

（1）学费：

公立综合大学

精英院校与私立院校

（2）生活费：

• 欧盟教育官方信息页给出法国学生月均生活费参考：

04

• 目标在艺术设计、人文社科、商科、工程等多方向；

• 希望“低学费 + 大城市资源 + 毕业后 1 年求职/创业窗口”。

01

• Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL University): QS World University Ranking #28

• Sciences Po:
  Politics & International Relations — QS Global Subject Ranking #3

• HEC Paris: Financial Times Global Business School Ranking 2025 – #2

• ESSEC Business School: Financial Times Global Ranking 2025 – #14

02

France’s higher education system generally falls into three tracks:

• Public university system

• Elite institutions (Grandes Écoles)

• Selected English-taught programs

Undergraduate Admission Requirements

Post-Graduation Stay & Employment

France officially offers a “Recherche d’emploi / création d’entreprise” (Job Search / Business Creation) residence permit, as confirmed by Service-Public France:

• Allows graduates to remain in France for up to 1 year after graduation

• Purpose: job search or business creation

• Employment permitted during this period

• Employers do not need to apply for a separate work permit

03

(1) Tuition Fees

(2) Living Costs

04

• Targeting multiple disciplines such as art & design, humanities and social sciences, business, and engineering;

• Seeking a pathway with low tuition costs, access to major-city resources, and a one-year post-graduation window for job seeking or entrepreneurship.

01

• 洛桑酒店管理学院EHL 全球酒店管理TOP 1

• ETH Zurich 苏黎世联邦理工 QS全球排名 #7

02

• 瑞士院校申请更强调：项目匹配、语言要求（德/法/英，视地区与专业）。

DSE 成绩要求（本科直录）

A-Level 成绩要求（本科直录）

关键对比与申请提示

• 毕业后求职窗口：以 ETH 给出的官方说明为例，毕业后可将居留延长用于求职，最长 6 个月，且从毕业日期开始计算。  

03

（1）学费：

公立院校学费（本科 / 硕士，年）

以下按人民币计算

1. 联邦理工（ETH Zurich/EPFL）

2、州立综合大学（代表院校）

3、私立院校学费（年）

（2）生活费：

年度固定支出明细（必缴项）

04

• 目标明确冲顶级理工/科研平台；

• 家庭预算充足，能承受更高生活成本；

• 希望以瑞士/欧洲为长期职业发展起点。

01

• EHL Hospitality Business School
  Ranked No. 1 globally in Hospitality & Hotel Management

• ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich)
  QS World University Rankings 2026: #7

02

Key Characteristics of Swiss University Applications

Swiss universities place strong emphasis on:

• Programme fit

• Language requirements (German / French / English, depending on region and discipline)

• Academic background alignment

Post-Graduation Job-Seeking Window

Example: ETH Zurich (official guidance)
After graduation, students may apply for a residence permit extension for job searching,
valid for up to 6 months, calculated from the date of graduation.

03

(1) Tuition Fees

Public Universities Tuition Fees

(Undergraduate / Master’s, per year — amounts converted to RMB)

(2) Living Costs

04

• Clear academic goals targeting top-tier engineering or research-oriented institutions

• Family budget sufficient to accommodate higher living costs

• Intends to use Switzerland / Europe as a long-term career development base

01

• 代尔夫特理工大学 QS 全球排名 #47

• 阿姆斯特丹大学 QS 全球排名 #53

02

• 荷兰常见“U 类研究型大学 / H 类应用科技大学”双轨体系（对 DSE/A-Level 的家庭非常友好：可按目标与成绩选择）。

DSE 成绩要求

A-Level 成绩要求

• 毕业后留荷求职窗口（关键优势）：

  👉Orientation year（zoekjaar）是为了毕业后在荷兰找工作/研究机会的居留许可。

  👉毕业后三年内可申请 Orientation year。 

03

04

• 想要英文授课、同时保留毕业后在欧洲求职窗口；

• 商科/经济、物流供应链、工科、数据相关方向；

• 希望用更可控成本换取高质量教育与更清晰的留欧路径。

01

• Delft University of Technology — QS World University Ranking #47

• University of Amsterdam — QS World University Ranking #53

02

• The Netherlands commonly operates a dual-track system of “U-type (research universities) / H-type (universities of applied sciences)”, which is particularly friendly to DSE/A-Level students, allowing choices based on academic goals and results.

Post-graduation Job-Seeking Window (Key Advantage)

👉 Orientation Year (Zoekjaar):
A residence permit allowing graduates to seek employment or research opportunities in the Netherlands.

👉 Graduates may apply for the Orientation Year within three years after graduation.

03

04

• Seeking English-taught programs while retaining a post-graduation job-search window in Europe

• Interested in business/economics, logistics & supply chain, engineering, or data-related fields

• Aiming to exchange more controllable costs for high-quality education and a clearer pathway to employment in Europe