
同等学力英语高频词汇学习:2026年核心词汇特训149
一、 形容词 / 短语(侧重描述人的情绪或身体状态)
1. distressed(adj.)
核心释义:痛苦的;苦恼的;忧虑的(侧重因不幸、压力或困境而产生的强烈负面情绪)
例句:The mother was distressed when she heard her child was missing.(听到孩子失踪的消息,这位母亲陷入了极度痛苦。)
搭配:be distressed about/over sth(因某事而苦恼)、distressed look(愁苦的表情)
2. anxious(adj.)
核心释义:焦虑的;担忧的;渴望的(侧重对未来不确定的事感到紧张,或迫切希望得到某物)
例句
She felt anxious before the final exam because she hadn’t prepared well.(期末考试前她很焦虑,因为没好好复习。)
He is anxious to get the job offer from the famous company.(他迫切希望拿到那家知名公司的录用通知。)
搭配:be anxious about sth(为某事担忧)、be anxious to do sth(渴望做某事)
3. exhausted(adj.)
核心释义:筋疲力尽的;耗尽的(侧重身体或精力因过度劳累而完全透支)
例句:After climbing the mountain for five hours, we were all exhausted and fell asleep immediately.(爬了五个小时的山后,我们都筋疲力尽,倒头就睡。)
搭配:be exhausted from work(因工作而疲惫)、exhausted resources(枯竭的资源)
4. upset(adj. / v.)
核心释义
形容词:心烦的;沮丧的(侧重因小事或突发状况而心情低落);
动词:使心烦;打乱(计划等)。
例句
She was upset because her favorite vase was broken by her little brother.(她很心烦,因为她最喜欢的花瓶被弟弟打碎了。)(adj.)
The sudden rain upset our plan to have a picnic in the park.(突如其来的大雨打乱了我们去公园野餐的计划。)(v.)
搭配:be upset about sth(因某事心烦)、upset the balance(打破平衡)
5. burned out(adj. / 短语动词)
核心释义
形容词:精疲力竭的;心力交瘁的(侧重因长期高压工作或重复劳动而失去热情);
短语动词:烧尽;耗尽(精力)。
例句
Many doctors feel burned out after working long hours during the pandemic.(疫情期间长时间工作后,很多医生都感到心力交瘁。)(adj.)
The candle has burned out and the room is in darkness now.(蜡烛已经燃尽,房间里一片漆黑。)(短语动词)
搭配:be burned out from stress(因压力而心力交瘁)、burn out one’s energy(耗尽精力)
二、 名词(侧重描述事物的背景、探索或发展趋势)
1. background(n.)
核心释义:背景;出身;幕后(可指个人的家庭、教育经历,或事件的环境、背景信息)
例句
The interviewer asked the candidate about his educational background.(面试官询问了候选人的教育背景。)
We need to understand the historical background of this event to make a proper judgment.(我们需要了解这个事件的历史背景,才能做出恰当的判断。)
搭配:family background(家庭背景)、background information(背景信息)
2. exploration(n.)
核心释义:探索;勘探;探究(侧重为发现新事物而进行的实地考察或深入研究)
例句:The exploration of the deep sea has brought many new discoveries about marine life.(深海探索为海洋生物研究带来了诸多新发现。)
搭配:oil exploration(石油勘探)、exploration of new theories(新理论的探究)
3. survey(n. / v.)
核心释义
名词:调查;勘测;概述(侧重通过系统提问或测量得出的结果);
动词:调查;勘测;俯瞰。
例句
A recent survey shows that most people prefer online shopping to traditional shopping.(最近的一项调查显示,大多数人比起传统购物更偏爱网购。)(n.)
The engineers are surveying the land to build a new highway.(工程师们正在勘测这片土地,准备修建一条新公路。)(v.)
搭配:conduct a survey(进行调查)、survey the market(调研市场)
4. outlook(n.)
核心释义:前景;展望;观点(可指事物未来的发展趋势,或个人对事物的看法)
例句
The economic outlook for next year is positive according to the experts.(专家表示,明年的经济前景乐观。)
She has a positive outlook on life and never complains about difficulties.(她有着积极的人生观,从不抱怨困难。)
搭配:economic outlook(经济前景)、outlook on life(人生观)
5. prospects(n. 复数)
核心释义:前景;前途;可能性(侧重与个人发展、事业机会相关的未来趋势)
例句
The prospects for young people in the tech industry are very promising.(年轻人在科技行业的发展前景十分广阔。)
He has excellent job prospects because he is good at both English and computer skills.(他的就业前景很好,因为他既擅长英语又精通计算机技能。)
搭配:career prospects(职业前景)、bright prospects(光明的前途)
小试牛刀:
1、The journal published a series of articles thatreviewedtheprospectsfor a new era of “genetic medicine”.
A. background
B. exploration
C. survey
D. outlook
2、If you don’t slow down and take a break, you’ll be burned outvery quickly.
A. distressed
B. anxious
C. exhausted
D. upset

点击下方空白区域查看答案
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参考答案:DC
【答案解析】
第 1 题答案:D. outlook。结论:prospects 在句中表示 “(基因医学新时代的)发展前景”,与 outlook 语义高度契合,二者均可指事物未来的发展趋势,是该语境下的精准同义替换词。
题干逻辑:该期刊发表了一系列文章,评述了 “基因医学” 新时代的发展前景。解题关键是区分选项中名词的语义边界。
选项分析:
A. background:意为 “背景”,指事件或学科的历史、环境信息,与 “未来趋势” 无关。例句:We need to learn the background of this medical technology first.
B. exploration:意为 “探索、勘探”,指为发现新事物而进行的研究行动,而非对未来趋势的判断。例句:The exploration of gene editing is still in its early stage.
C. survey:意为 “调查、勘测”,指通过系统方法收集数据的行为或结果,不符合 “评述前景” 的语境。例句:The survey focuses on public attitudes toward genetic medicine.
D. outlook:意为 “前景、展望”,可用于描述行业、领域的未来发展趋势,与 prospects 语义一致。
匹配例句:The journal published a series of articles that reviewed the outlook for a new era of “genetic medicine”.
第 2 题答案:C. exhausted。结论:burned out 在句中表示 “(因过度劳累)心力交瘁、精疲力竭”,与 exhausted 语义相近,二者均指精力被透支的状态,是该语境下的合理同义替换词。
题干逻辑:如果你不放慢节奏、休息一下,很快就会精疲力竭。解题关键是区分选项中表负面状态的形容词差异。
选项分析:
A. distressed:意为 “痛苦的、苦恼的”,侧重因不幸或困境产生的情绪痛苦,而非身体和精力的透支。例句:She was distressed by the bad news about her friend.
B. anxious:意为 “焦虑的、担忧的”,侧重对未来不确定的事感到紧张,与 “劳累导致的疲惫” 无关。例句:He felt anxious before the medical exam.
C. exhausted:意为 “筋疲力尽的”,指身体或精力因过度消耗而透支,与 burned out 核心语义匹配。
匹配例句:If you don’t slow down and take a break, you’ll be exhausted very quickly.
D. upset:意为 “心烦的、沮丧的”,侧重因小事产生的情绪低落,不符合语境。例句:She was upset about missing the important lecture.


