大作文的行文围绕图片主旨展开，近十年来的大作文题目要求文章需包括三部分：描写图片、阐述图片主旨和发表自己见解或举例说明主旨。因此，大作文可以分为三段来写：第一段描写图片，为论述图片主旨做铺垫；第二段阐明图片主旨，对论点进行论证；第三段结尾。
开头段为图片描写段，一般按照“概述图片信息——图片细节描绘——图片现象后果点评”或者“主体形象描写——背景信息补充”的顺序展开。描写图片为下文论述主旨服务，因此所选择的描写点需为与后文论点紧密相关的重要信息。
1. 描写单个形象时，按照从左到右或从上到下的方位顺序进行描写。
①In the cartoon, a college student is sitting seriously in front of a laptop, selecting his next term's courses. ②He “smartly” divides the courses into two groups: those offering cutting-edge knowledge, inspiring innovation, but requiring hard work, and those with little academic pressure and an easy high-score pass. ③The cartoon reflects a common phenomenon among today's college students, which is actually against the purpose of our course selection system.
分析：①②句描述图片内容，He回指衔接，凸显图片“主角”。seriously、“smartly”刻画其纠结心理，体现图画主旨。③句指出图片所示现象常见，并指出这是一种负面现象。
翻译：图片中，一位大学生正襟危坐在电脑前选课。他“巧妙地”将课程分成了两类：一类知识新、重创新，但有难度；一类给分高、易通过、且作业少。图片反映了一种如今大学生中常见的现象，实际上也是一种违背选课体系初衷的现象。
2. 描写体现共性的多个形象时，仅对体现共性的细节进行描写，若多个形象动作类似可以进行合并描写。
A football match of supporting parents is going on. The eldest son is exerting all his strength to kick away his father who is crouching in the middle of the field like a football, while the other three children are standing in different corners, guarding their own goals. It is obvious that none of them is willing to receive the old father.
分析：图片有五个人物形象，他们共同体现出的主题是“年轻人不赡养父母”, 因此描写时要突显老父亲的可怜和孩子们对老父亲的拒绝。第一句总述图片情景；第二句对图片细节进行描绘，其中二儿子、三儿子、小女儿行动类似，进行合并描写；第三句概括图片反映的现象结果。
翻译：一场赡养父母的足球赛正在上演。一位老父亲在场中蜷缩成足球状。他的大儿子正竭尽全力地将他踢开，其他三个孩子也各占一角，守着自家球门。很显然，没有人愿意接受他们的父亲。
3. 描写体现对比关系的多个形象时，对体现主旨的事物间的差异进行描写，对具有类似行为的形象可以合并描写。
①A great number of persons, sitting in their own rooms, are absorbed in the computers which are linked to a network. ②With the help of the Internet, they can communicate with each other online conveniently. ③However, people in this enormous net are also divided from each other, since they do not talk face to face.
分析：图片主旨是网络对人际关系或拉近或疏远的相反的影响，展现两种影响的对比。因此，对体现出不同点的细节进行描写。①②句描写体现“拉近人际关系”的细节，③句描写体现“疏远人际关系”的细节。
翻译：许多人坐在自己的房间里，沉溺于连接入网的电脑。借助于互联网，他们相互间可以在网上方便地进行交流。然而，在这张巨大的网中，人们彼此间被分隔开了，因为他们没有面对面地进行交谈。
主旨段是针对图片主旨进行的论述，一般采用“主题句+支撑句”的段落构成方式。若想主旨段出彩，需要熟练掌握主题句的写法和常见的段落展开方式。
①用一句话将图片所反映的内容概括出来。有时候，可以加入how, why, where, what等维度。
例1: Why did the two people react so differently to the same scene?
为什么两个人对同样的场景会有不同的反应呢?
(适用于2012年真题)
例2: What the above pictures intend to illustrate is that parents can better teach children by example rather than verbal instruction in their daily life.
上面图片意在说明的是：父母在日常生活中通过以身作则能比口头教育更有效果。
(适用于2016年真题)
例3: Through sharp contrast, the pictures reveal the difference between “possessing books” and “reading books”.
图片通过鲜明的对比，揭示了“有书”与“读书”的区别。
(适用于2017年真题)
②先概括图片的浅层信息，然后再深入分析，采用逐渐深入的方式推导出主题句。
例：Understandably, university graduates, now without the glory of intellectual elites, are facing an uncertain future and hesitant to make a choice out of a variety of possibilities. However, this picture does not imply so much the dilemma in which graduates are caught as the encouragingly unprecedented life possibilities.
大学毕业生如今没有了作为学术精英的荣耀，面临着不确定的未来，迟迟不能从各种各样的可能性中做出选择，这是可以理解的。但这幅图体现的不是毕业生所陷入的困境，而是体现了史无前例的人生可能性这个令人鼓舞的事实。
(适用于2013年真题)
大作文话题涉及“热点现象”和“人生哲理”两大方面。其中，话题对热点现象的态度或彻底批判，或褒扬推广，又或中立、承认有利有弊。不同话题类型主旨段的常见扩展方式具有差异。
①若话题为被彻底批判的热点现象时，需要围绕现象的“问题”展开论述，往往需要涉及问题的具体表现、影响、原因，相对应的段落扩展方式是举例论证和因果论证。
例：This picture criticizes some unfilial children. (主题句)Nowadays many young people in China regard taking care of their aged parents as a burden and refuse to take responsibility. As a result, the old are neglected and even abandoned when growing weak and helpless. (因果论证)
翻译：这幅图批判了一些不孝顺的孩子。目前，我国很多年轻人将赡养年迈的父母当作负担，拒绝承担责任。所以，当老人变得虚弱、无助时，常常被忽视，甚至被抛弃。
(适用于2005年真题)
②若话题为值得褒扬的热点现象或者人生哲理，需要围绕现象或哲理的“价值”展开，可能涉及的段落扩展方式是让步/正反道理论证、定义论证、举例论证、类比论证、因果论证等。
例：This picture indicates that today's graduates are facing a variety of life possibilities. (主题句)It seems true that today's university graduates are under greater employment pressure and in face of a steeper social ladder. This uncomfortable situation can not obscure the fact—compared with their parents and grandparents, current graduates are given considerable freedom to dream and fulfill their dreams. They can, with little social restraint, expand knowledge, broaden personal experience and choose careers they are interested in. (通过让步推理证明a variety of life possibilities)
翻译：这幅图表明当今的毕业生面对着多样化的人生选择。当今大学毕业生似乎面临着更大的就业压力以及更陡峭的社会阶梯(即更不容易获得社会地位)。这种令人不安的情形不能掩盖一个事实——相对于他们的父辈和祖父辈，当代毕业生被赋予梦想和实现梦想的极大自由。他们能够几乎不受社会禁锢地扩展知识、丰富自己的人生经验并且选择他们感兴趣的职业。
(适用于2013年真题)
③若话题为有利有弊的热点现象，现象的“价值”和“问题”均需谈及，两部分的详略可根据论点侧重“利大于弊”还是“弊大于利”进行适当安排。常见的段落扩展方式为：举例论证和因果论证。
例：The Internet exerts beneficial but more often negative influence on interpersonal relationship. (主题句)With its convenience and efficiency, Internet is narrowing the physical distance among people. (因果论证说明“利”). However, it makes the mental distance wider. As time spent on the Internet is on the rise, face-to-face communication has experienced a rapid drop. The reduction of contact in reality may result in feelings of distance and isolation. (因果论证，说明“弊”)
翻译：因特网给人际关系带来了一定的积极影响，但更多的是带来了消极影响。因特网凭借它的方便和快捷缩短了人们之间的物理距离。但它加大了人们之间的心理距离。随着上网时间的增加，人们面对面的交流却在急剧减少。而现实中接触的减少可能会导致情感的疏远和隔阂。
(适用于2009年真题)
常见的结尾方式概括起来有总结法、建议法、反问法、引语法。这几种方法往往是结合起来使用的。使用这几种方法时，有时同样会采用因果论证、举例论证等段落展开技巧。
例：“Books are a stepping stone to human progress”, but as books are not equal to knowledge and unread books won't help, we should read a single book carefully instead of merely collecting thousands of books to make progress. Furthermore, everything else should also be dealt with in a down-to-earth way. Just as President Xi once put it, “Empty talk would lead a country astray, and hard work can revitalize a nation”, only through continuing efforts, can individuals advance steadily and the Chinese nation achieve great rejuvenation.
(适用于2017年真题)
分析：该段综合运用了总结法、建议法和引语法，借用名言对文章主旨进行总结，并提出了建议。
翻译：“书籍是人类进步的阶梯”, 但书本并不等同于知识，未读之书对人无所助益，因此，我们要想取得进步，必须认认真真地去读一本书，而非仅仅收藏千万本书。另外，不仅是读书，做其他事情也应当脚踏实地。正如习主席所说的那样，“空谈误国，实干兴邦”, 只有脚踏实地努力奋斗，个人才能取得稳定进步，中华民族才能实现伟大复兴。
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