2018-1-ReadingPartA-T4-1-5 （讲义16页）
文章主题：《美国邮政需要的不只是权宜之计》
Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality.
词汇：
1.the USPS n. 美国邮政 the United States Postal Service
2.squeeze v|n. 挤压、压榨
3.permanent adj. 永久的；长期的、固定的
4.bread-and-butter product n.主打产品、核心产品（英语习语：强调某事物是维持生计或业务运转的核心要素）
5.first-class mail n.普通邮件（美国邮政的核心服务）
6.deny v.否认
7.flexibility n.灵活性
8.operation n.运作、操作；运行、运转
【Step 1】找谓语
Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality.
【Step 2】断句
Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change [that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail], and a regulatory structure [that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality].
解析：
主句：Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change and a regulatory structure. 【标蓝处为主句核心主干；另外，介宾结构between technological change and a regulatory structure作后置定语修饰squeeze【判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.译为“...的“修饰squeeze通顺即可】
定语从句1：[that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail]作后置定语修饰名词短语technological change【判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.从句不完整<缺主语>】
定语从句2: [that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality]作后置定语修饰名词短语a regulatory structure【判断方法：同上】
注意⚠️：当that引导的从句在名词|代词后时，有两种可能：1.从句不完整——定语从句；从句完整——同位语从句
原因：
1.引导定语从句时：that为关系代词，指代先行词在从句中作主宾表，即从句不完整；
2.引导同位语从句时，that为连接词，只起到连接主从句的作用，不在从句中充当成分，即从句完整。
重点成分标注：
主语：在句首|谓语前
宾语：在动词|介词后
表语：在系动词后
主语：蓝色；谓语：红色；表语：绿色；宾语：紫色
⓶deny sb sth 译为“拒绝某人某事” 构成“主谓双宾”结构；⓷to adjust its operations是非谓语短语作后置定语修饰the flexibility【判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.译为“...的” 修饰the flexibility通顺即可<调整业务的灵活性>】；⓸to the reality是非谓语短语作目的状语（注意：to the reality在本句中属于位于完整句结尾，因此采取以下方法判断其成分！译为“对新现实的业务”，不通顺，因此不是定语！
应作目的状语，大意为“拒绝调整业务的灵活性以应对新现实”。
【Step 3】翻译
Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change [that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail], and a regulatory structure [that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality].
·翻译思路：
根据【中英差异：英文擅用长句；中文擅用短句】以及【后置定语翻译方法： 词数超过8个词通常采取后置译法，即将其单独成句】，遂采取以下译法：
1.先译主句：
英文：the USPSis in a historic squeeze between technological change and a regulatory structure.中文：美国邮政处于历史性挤压中。（介宾结构先不译）英文：technological change[that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail], 中文：技术变化永久降低了对普通邮件这类核心产品的需求。英文：a regulatory structure [that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality].
中文：监管结构拒绝管理调整业务的灵活性以适应新现实。
3.整合译文：
初译：美国邮政处于历史性挤压中：技术变化永久降低了对普通邮件这类核心产品的需求和监管结构拒绝管理调整业务的灵活性以适应新现实。【相信很多同学在翻译时，都会遇到这种情况，比如，翻译有误、表达欠佳、不通顺等情况！所以在日常学习中，我们要注意积累一些好的翻译表达，比如technological change技术变革；regulatory structure监管体系】另外【根据结构deny sb sth可知，本句management应指人，因此取其“管理层、管理人员”之意，<监管体系拒绝管理层调整业务的灵活性>即<监管体系让管理层无法灵活调整业务>】终译：根本原因在于，美国邮政正深陷“历史性挤压”：一方面是技术变革导致对其核心产品（普通邮件）的需求永久性降低；另一方面是监管体系让其管理层无法灵活调整业务以适应新现实。1.the USPS n. 美国邮政 the United States Postal Service
2.squeeze v|n. 挤压、压榨
3.permanent adj. 永久的；长期的、固定的
4.bread-and-butter product n.主打产品、核心产品（英语习语：强调某事物是维持生计或业务运转的核心要素）
5.first-class mail n.普通邮件（美国邮政的核心服务）
6.deny v.否认 （deny sb sth拒绝某人某事；it is undeniable that...不可否认的是...）
7.flexibility n.灵活性 （flexible adj.灵活的）
8.operation n.运作、操作；运行、运转
1.technological change技术变革2.regulatory structure监管体系评论留言晒出你的学习笔记or提出疑问，
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