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考研英语真题长难句攻坚计划|Day5

2026-01-09 18:11:17

考研英语真题长难句攻坚计划|Day5

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长难句分析打卡

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【长难句每日打卡】day 5

2012-2-ReadingPartA-T4-3-2 讲义19页

文章主题：《美国经济衰退的滞后影响》

In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S., lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms.

词汇：

1.moral n.寓意；道德；adj.道德的、道义上的

2.lengthy adj. 漫长的

3.stagnation n. 萧条，停滞

4.decline v|n. 衰退，下降

5.mean-spirited adj. 道德缺失的、心胸狭隘的

6.inclusive adj. 包容的，包含的

7.reverse v. 颠倒、翻转、逆转

8.consequence n.结果、后果；重要性

HELLO, GRADUATE STUDENT

句子分析

【Step 1】找谓语

·动词 aqgues 一般现在时

·动词 have left 现在完成时

·动词 have stopped and reversed 现在完成时

【Step 2】断句

In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedmanargues [that both inside and outside the U.S., lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms].

⚠️have left和have stopped and reversed是and连接的并列谓语，因此认为是一句话，可不进行断句；但若影响理解，也可断开。

解析：

本句包含一个由that引导的宾语从句。

主句：

In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedmanargues [that...].

宾语从句：

argues [that both inside and outside the U.S., lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms].

判断方法：1.位置：在动词|介词后<在动词argues后>

重点成分标注：

主语：在句首|谓语前

宾语：在动词|介词后

表语：在系动词后

主语：蓝色；谓语：红色；表语：绿色；宾语：紫色；宾补：深蓝

主句：

In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedmanargues[that...].

其中，

1.In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth是介宾结构作状语【判断方法：1.位置：在句首|句尾|主谓之间】；

2 Benjamin Friedman是名词短语作the economic historian的同位语【判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.译为“A是B”通顺即可<经济历史学家是本杰明·弗里德曼>】

宾语从句：

argues [that both inside and outside the U.S., lengthy periods of economic stagnation or declinehave almost always leftsocietymore mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversedthe advance of rights and freedoms].

其中，

1.both inside and outside the U.S.是介宾结构作地点状语【判断方法：1.位置：在句首|句尾|主谓之间】；

2.of economic stagnation or decline是介宾结构作后置定语修饰lengthy periods 【判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.译为“...的”修饰lengthy periods通顺即可】<⚠️ A of B是典型的后置定语结构，在这类结构中当A是数词或量词时，译为“A的B”更符合汉语表达习惯，即长期的经济停滞和衰退>

3.the advance of rights and freedoms

是介宾结构作后置定语修饰advance【判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.译为“...的”修饰advance通顺即可<权利和自由的进步>】

【Step 3】翻译

·翻译思路：

1.根据【中英差异：英文擅用长句；中文擅用短句】本句较长较复杂，翻译时要根据意群适当拆分句子，即用标点符号断开；

2.根据【后置定语翻译方法：词数>8个词通常采取后置译法；≤8个词通常采取前置译法】，本句中介宾结构作后置定语居多且较短，因此采取前置译法。

1.先译主句：

英：In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedmanargues[that...].

中：在《经济增长的道德结果》一书中，经济历史学家本杰明·弗里德曼认为，

⚠️“sb v that”这类结构中，动词通常是观点态度词，因此大多数都可以直接译为“某人认为...”

2.再译从句：

英文：argues [that both inside and outside the U.S., lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms].